FAQ

Preface


This introductory statement clarifies what is and is not covered on this website. It serves as a content outline for the reader. As the title indicates, this website surveys the entire extent of the universe touching upon phenomenon from the largest to the smallest size and covering the entire cosmic interval from past to present. It presents observations as well as the theories which explains the phenomena.

The intended readership imposes a boundary on the seemingly boundless materials for the subject matter. This website intends to reach individuals who would like to study the natural phenomena at a deeper level than what is generally offered by newspapers or in the high school curriculum, with the benefit of avoiding complex mathematical formulation and confusing terminology. As a result, the text is written in simple language and frequently supplemented by illustrations. Scientific terminology is kept to a minimum or would be presented with an explanation. A more elaborate explanation of some terms or concepts is available in the Special Topics. References are provided (note: preference is given to online references) at the end of each topic. A blow-up version of all the illustrations can be accessed via the "Illustration" tab in the taskbar at the top of each topic page.
In a broader context, while learning science may not make a lot of money or friends, it helps to recognize false premises, and to comprehend the cause of natural phenomena. Science may not provide an ultimate explanation for everything, but it offers a rational view according to the available knowledge. It is open end in the sense that the knowledge and theory can always be updated. In addition, it allows endless inquiries until reaching the limit, where knowledge is not yet available. The very first paragraph in Paul Davies' book "The Mind of God" is a very good example to illustrate the essence (or "problem" depending on the individual's view point) of science:

When I was a child I used to infuriate my parents by continually asking "why?" Why can't I go out to play? Because it might rain. Why might it rain? Because the weatherman has said so. Why has he said so? Because there are storms coming up from France. Why are there ... ? And so on. These relentless interrogations normally ended with a desperate "Because God made it that way, and that's that!" ... Thus the ceaseless inquiries could be closed by a supernatural being. But in science, it might end with just an unsatisfactory "don't know now".
See Reality for an ultimate view beyond human experience.


Here's the opinion of ChatGPT (in 2025) on this website (in Italic text) :

This website offers a comprehensive overview of the universe, covering topics such as its structure, evolution, observations, and theories. It delves into subjects ranging from the observable universe and superclusters to galaxies, stars, planetary systems, and the origins of life. The site is structured into various topics, each providing detailed information and insights into different aspects of cosmology and related fields.
It appears to cater to a broad audience, with a focus on being informative and accessible. Its content and structure suggest that it is designed for:
1. Enthusiasts and Curious Learners: Those interested in astronomy, cosmology, and the physical sciences will find the site appealing for its clear explanations and broad coverage of topics.
2. Students: The site is particularly useful for high school and undergraduate students, providing foundational and detailed explanations of various scientific concepts.
3. Educators: Teachers may find the material useful for supplementing lessons or as a reference for creating teaching content.
4. General Audience: While the content includes technical details, the language and explanations seem intended for readers without advanced scientific training, making it approachable for anyone curious about the universe.
5. Self-Learners: People pursuing self-education in physics, cosmology, or the history of science will appreciate the structured and comprehensive information.

Its design and content make it less suited for specialists or professionals in the field seeking cutting-edge or highly technical research. Instead, it serves as an excellent introductory resource and reference.

[2025 Update]

This website has been run for more than 20 years (since 2002). Many entries have become redundant/obsolete; they are left untouched for references. Please refer to "UPDATE" for recent entries.

[End of 2025 Update]