| Topic |
Size |
Mass/Energy |
First Appearance |
Force and Phenomena |
| Macro-world |
Observable Universea  |
1028 cm. |
1022 Msun |
0 sec. |
Gravity + Unknown repulsive force; an expanding space in the last 13.7x109 yrs, containing all the mass/energy of this world |
| Superclustersa |
1026 cm. |
1016 Msun
| 11x109 yr. |
Gravity; largest scale of lumpiness |
| Clusters of Galaxiesa |
1024 cm. |
1015 Msun
| 6x109 yr. |
Gravity; galaxies in orbit around each other + dark matter |
| Galaxiesa |
1022 cm. |
1011 - 1014 Msun
| 7x108 yr. |
Gravity; aggregation of stars, gas, dust and dark matter |
| Star Clustersa |
1020 cm. |
102 - 106 Msun
| 5x108 yr. |
Gravity; group of stars originated in an interstellar cloud |
| Planetary Systemsa |
1016 cm. |
0.1-100 Msun
| 1.8x108 yr. |
Gravity; system of non-luminous bodies as by-product in stellar formation |
| Starsa |
1011 cm. |
0.1-100 Msun
| 1.8x108 yr. |
Gravity; contracting lump of gas with luminosity maintained by nuclear burning |
| Earthg |
109 cm. |
6x1027 gm. |
9.5x109 yr. |
Gravity; a planet in the habitable zone of the Solar system |
Living-world |
| Multicellular Organismsb |
104 - 10-1 cm. |
107 - 10-3 gm. |
13.5x109 yr. |
Residual Electromagnetic force; life composed with multiple cells |
| Unicellular Organismsb |
10-1 - 10-4 cm. |
10-3 - 10-12 gm. |
10.5x109 yr. |
Residual Electromagnetic force; one cell living unit |
Micro-world |
| Moleculesc |
10-5 - 10-8 cm. |
10 - 10-3 ev.
| 3.8x105 yr. |
Residual Electromagnetic force; structure formed by combination of atoms |
| Atomsc |
10-8 cm. |
10 ev.
| 3.8x105 yr. |
Electromagnetic force; system of electrons and nuclei |
| Nucleip |
10-13 cm. |
109 ev.
| 1 sec. |
Residual weak, strong and electromagnetic forces; system of neutrons and protons |
| Elementary Particlesp |
10-16 cm. > |
10-3 - 1012 ev.
| < 10-32 sec. |
Weak, strong and electromagnetic forces; basic constituents of matter and force |
