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of superstring. More recently in the 2000s, confidence in string theory has waned in some quarters, leading to renewed interest in alternative approaches, including preon models (see Wikipedia for more about preon theory). There are now several proposed methods to test the preon theory and preon star. An obvious test is for the LHC to break up the quark into its constituent preons. While preon star can be detected via gravitational lensing or gravitational waves with its special signatures. Figure 08-20e compares the size and density of the various degeneracy stars. The data for the preon star are highly speculative especially when no one knows the |