Structures, Evolutions, Observations, and Theories
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Topic-01. Introduction
Topic-02. Observable Universe and Beyond
Topic-03. Superclusters
Topic-04. Clusters of Galaxies
Topic-05. Galaxies
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Types of Galaxies
Active Galaxies
Blackholes
Black-Hole in M87, 2019 (2021, 2023, 2024 Updates)
Seyfert Galaxies
Radio Galaxies
Quasars, 2024 3C273 Update
Extremely Red Objects (ERO)
Formation and Evolution of Galaxy
Theory of Spiral Arm Formation
The Milky Way (+ 2022 Update, 2023 Update, 2024 Update)
The 3-kpc Arms
Blackhole at the Milky Way Center
Dark Matter in the Milky Way
Topic-06. Star Clusters
Topic-07. Planetary Systems
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Birth of a Planetary System
Formation and Evolution of the Solar System
Solar System Data + 2024 Update on "Sample Return"
The Sun
Terrestrial Planets - Mercury, Venus, Earth and Moon, Mars (MSR 2021-2031)
Asteroid Belt
Jovian Planets - Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
Pluto, Dwarf Planets, and SSSB
Comets
Synchronous Rotation
Solar Neighborhood
Extrasolar Planets
Topic-08. Stars
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Ancient Astronomy and Constellations
Celestial Sphere
Star Magnitudes
Sky Charts and Stargazing (for Beginner)
First Star (+ 2018, 2022, 2023 Updates)
Hertzspung-Russell (HR) Diagram
Stellar Structure
Stellar Evolution
Brown Dwarfs
Variable Stars
Red Giants
Supergiants
Planetary Nebulae and White Dwarfs
Novae
Wolf-Rayet Stars
Supernovae, Neutron Stars, Pulsars, Magnetar, and GRB
Quark Stars
Preon Stars
Stellar Black Holes
Black Stars
Electroweak Stars
WIMP Stars
Repeating Fast Radio Burst (FRB)
Stellar Models
Topic-09. Earth
Topic-10. Multicellular Organisms
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Biological Classifications
Evolution of Multicellular Organisms
Sexual Life Cycles
Homeobox Genes, 2024 Update (curtesy of ChatGPT)
The Three Germ Layers and Organs
Stem Cells (2022 Update)
Hematopoiesis (Formation of Blood Cells)
Cloning
Cell Fate Manipulation
Sex and Death
Biological Clock
Sleep and Dream
Meditation
Consciousness
Fungi
Plants (Cambrian - present)
Animals (Cambrian - present)
What Makes Us Human? 2024 Update
Future of the Human Race
Topic-11. Unicellular Organisms
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Origin of Life
Prion and Viruses
Organic Compounds
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleotides
Amino Acids
Energy Requirement
DNA
RNA
Proteins and Enzymes
Cells
Mitochondria
The Y Chromosome
Genomes
CRISPR Genome Editing
Evolution: Muatation of Gene(s), Natural Selection, and Time
Microbiology
Archaebacteria (Ancient Bacteria)
Bacteria
Protista (Unicellular Eukaryotes)
Topic-12. Molecules
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Quantum Theory, Blackbody Radiation (Revised in 2021)
Correspondence Principle
Uncertainty Principle
Complemetarity Principle
Exclusion Principle
Path Integral, Transition to Qunatum Theory
First Quantization, Schrodinger Equation (Revised in 2021)
Quantum Interpretations (see 2019 Edition)
Hydrogen Atom
Covalent Bond, Hydrogen Molecule
Ionic Bond, Atomic Shells
Hydrogen Bond, Molecular Orbital
van der Waals Force, Dipole-Dipole Interaction
Physical Chemistry
Adhesion and Cohesion
Inorganic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
Soft Matter
Active Matter
Nano-technology
Perovskite
The Future of Chemistry
Topic-13. Atoms
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Periodic Table
Band Theory, Metal
Transistor, Application, Fabrication (2022), CPU - OS (2023) + ChatGPT sampling
Solid State
X-ray Diffraction
Neutron Scattering / Diffraction and Spallation
Specific Heats of Solids and Phonons
Superfluidity
Superconductivity
2-D Superconductivity
Josephson Junction and SQUID
Hall Effect (Classical and Quantum)
Laser
Plasma
Topic-14. Nuclei
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Binding Energy
Origin of Elements
The Liquid-Drop and The Shell Models
Nuclear Decay
Nuclear Fission
Release of Binding Energy,
Theory of Fission,
Neutron Induced Fission,
Cross Section,
Chain Reaction and Critical Mass
Applications of Nuclear Fission
Nuclear Fuel Production,
Nuclear Reactors,
Nuclear Bombs
Thermo-nuclear Fusion
Applications of Thermo-nuclear Fusion
Effects of Nuclear Explosions
The Fukushima Incident
Helium-3
Nuclear Waste
Quark Fusion and Hyper-nucleus
Topic-15. Elementary Particles and the World of Planck Scale
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Quantum Domain
Elementary Particles
Fundamental Interactions
Unifications, A Brief History of Physics
Quantum Field Theory
Gauge Theory and the Standard Model
Asymptotic Freedom
Quark Confinement
Grand Unified Theory (GUT)
Supersymmetry
Superstrings
Manifold, Vacuum Energy, Multiverse, and Eternal Inflation
Quantum Foam and Loop Quantum Gravity
Realm of Planck Scale
Topic-16. Frontier of Science
Special Topics
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Ageing
Age of Animals
Alleles and Inheritance
Anatomy of Animals
Anatomy of Plants
Astronomical Instruments
ATP - Energy Supplier for Life (2020 Edition)
Bacteria (2021 Edition)
Bell's Theorem (Quantum vs Classical)
Bio-electricity
Brain, Reality, and Tao (道) (2020 Edition)
Calabi-Yau Manifold
Chaos Theory
CP-violation and Anti-matter
Curvilinear Motions in Newtonian Mechanics and Quantum Spin
Dating - Radioactive and Other Techniques
Degeneracy Pressure
DNA Sequencing and Digital DNA
Double-Slit Experiment, Gateway to Quantum Theory (2020 Edition)
Electromagnetism (2018 Edition)
Embryo, 2024 Update (curtesy of ChatGPT)
Energy of Single Particle
Entropy of Many Body Problem (2020 Edition)
Entanglement and Teleportation (+ 2022 Wormhole Experiment)
Evolution of Micro-organisms and Plants
Fluid Dynamics and the Navier-Stokes Equations
Graphene and Superconductivity Bilayer (2018)
Gravity in Extra-dimensions, Manyfold and Pre-Bang Universe
Group Theory and Its Application to Particle Physics
Harmonic Oscillator
Higgs Field (2021 Edition)
Holographic Principle
Immune System
Inflationary Cosmology and Cyclic Universe
Information, SMI, and Entropy
Inner World of the Cell
Integrated Information Theory (IIT), 2024 Update
Interstitial Fluid (ISF - The Internal Sea for Life)
Magnetic Monopole (Updated 2022)
Many-Body Problem (2022 Edition)
Mars Sample Return (MSR), 2021-2031, (2023, 2024 Updates on Asteroid Sample)
Mathematical Minimum (for Aspiring Physicists)
Medical Science
Messier Objects
Metabolic Rate and Kleiber's Law
Microscopes
Mitosis and Meiosis
Monte Carlo Methods (2022 Edition)
Nervous System
Neutrino
Neutrino, Right-Handed (and Some SM Problems, 2021 Edition)
Non-commutative Geometry and Quantum Gravity
Optic Fiber
Origin of Life - Natural Processes, Pre-biotic World, Proto-ribosome, A Scenario
Origin of the Universe (A Quantum Version of Cosmic Inflation by Yours Truly)
Particle Accelerators and Detectors
Power Spectrum, CMB
Quantum Computing
Quantum Cosmology
Quantum Field and 2nd Quantization (2021 Edition)
Quantum Field Theory
Quantum Interpretations (2019 Edition, 2020 QTT Update)
Quantum Microscope (H Atom Images)
Relativity, Cosmology, and Time
Single Photon (2024)
Slime Moulds Life Cycle
Standard Candles in Astronomy
Statistics, and Statistical Mechanics
Superstring Theory
Synchrotron Radiation
Tachyon
Thermodynamics (+ Non-equilibrium Process & Life, 2020 edition)
The Y Chromosome
TIME
Tomography (CAT, PET, MRI)
Twistor Theory
Type 1a Supernova
Virial Theorem
Wave Equations (Revised March, 2018)
Wave, Sound, and Music
Weather Guide
When East Meets West
易經 (I-Ching : Book of Changes)
Epilogue - Units, Constants, Data, Images and Links (A Scientific Chap Suey)
Index, Illustration, Reference, and Photo Credit